The white bass, White Bassa favorite sport fish of local anglers, average from nine to 15 inches long.  They can be found in the open waters of large lakes, streams, rivers and reservoirs.  White bass travel in large schools in the clear firm bottom of open water habitat of large lakes and reservoirs, as well as some large streams and rivers.   They can easily be confused with the striped bass, but have a deeper body shape with only one of their dark stripes running from their head to their tail, with a single tooth patch on the tongue. 

As with the white perch their eggs sink and attach to rocks, stick and bottom vegetation and hatch within two to four days in tributary streams, near shore areas and over shoals.  This popular sport-fish grow rapidly up to 17 inches and can live at least nine years.  They travel in large schools and eat insects and fish.

 Due to the fact that they are aggressive it makes them an easy fish to catch, especially in the spring when schools of white bass move inshore.  Try using casting or trolling streamer flies, jigs, spinners, and spoons or still fishing with minnows, making sure to keep the bait off the bottom and near the surface of the water where they feed.

The hybrid bass, Hybrida cross between a female striped bass and a male white bass, were developed to provide a good eating, hard fighting large sport-fish that feed in open waters. Like the striped bass they have two patches of teeth on their tongues, but like the white bass they have deep bodies and the dark stripes are usually broken into short dashes.  They grow fast after being released as fingerlings in the fall.  They reach approximately eight inches in length in the first year and 16 inches by the third year.  Their diet consists mainly of alewife and gizzrd shad

Note: Much of this information first appeared in the July/August 1991 issue of The Conservationist magazine. Updated June 1999. Authors- Andy Kahnle, Kathy Hattala and Eileen Stegemann. Seventh in a 14-part series describing the Freshwater Fishes of New York


New York's Endangered Species

(endangered)

The shortnose sturgeonShortnose Sturgeon a large fish  that can reach up to 3.5 feet in length and weigh14 pounds.  It has a shark like appearance with five rows of pale bony plates (called scutes) covering its dark body. It has a short, conical snout with four barbels or whiskers in front of its large under bite.
The shortnose sturgeon migrates from salt water to spawn in freshwater. In New York, this sturgeon only occurs in the lower portion of the Hudson River from the southern tip of Manhattan to the Federal Dam at Troy.

Because of plundering the sturgeon for caviar, smoked flesh, pollution and damming of the Hudson (depriving them of their upriver spawning grounds) the shortnose sturgeon is now an endangered species.  and is thus fully protected by the Endangered Species Act. Recovery in their numbers appears certain.

(endangered)

One of the rarest minnows in North America is the Pugnose Shinerpugnose shiner a small minnow that rarely exceeds two inches in length. It has a light, straw-colored back, silvery sides, and a white belly. Its population has been reduced in the United States, and it’s range is diminishing in Canada with the primary cause thought to be the increased water turbidity.  Most people have never seen this tiny fish

(endangered)

The round whitefish Round Whitefishis a medium-sized fish that averages eight to 12 inches in length. Its name was derived from its long and tubular body shape with an almost round middle. It has a short head with an under-bite.  The young round-whitefish looks like a young trout or salmon that has rows of parr marks (black spots).  The adult is olive-brown on top and silver below.

The round whitefish population has seriously declined due to predation by invading yellow perch on whitefish eggs, tapeworm infestation, over fishing, loss of spawning sites, siltation, and lake acidification.

(endangered)

The bluebreast darterBluebreast Darter a small, colorful fish usually grows to about three inches in length.  This fish prefers large fast-flowing streams with sandy gravel and large stones where the fish hides from predators.  It can be distinguished from other darters by its blunt, rounded snout, and its gill covers which are not connected across the breast. 

It is olive-green with a broad light band adjacent to the dark edge of the second dorsal (back), anal (bottom rear), and caudal (tail) fins. Extremely colorful breeding males have orange-tinted dorsal fins, numerous small crimson spots on the sides and a bright blue breast - hence its name.

(endangered)

The colorful gilt darter, Gilt Darterapproximately three inches long chooses to live in large streams with clear gravel or rubble riffles.  It has been determined to drastic decrease in numbers due to increased siltation which it cannot tolerate. It has an olive to blue-green in color body with five to eight dark blotches along the back, as well as square blotches on its sides.

Breeding males develop five to eight blue-green vertical bands, bright red blotches on the sides, an orange breast, orange dorsal fins, and dark blue pelvic and anal fins. The gilt darter is distinguished by a row of specialized scales located along the midline of the belly, and a gill membrane which is joined forward of the breast.

(endangered)

Unusual in appearance, the spoonhead sculpin,Spoonhead Sculpina deep-water fish (200 ft.) has a flat, triangle-shaped head, large fanlike pectoral fins, a large mouth, small eyes, and a rather large, semicircular cheekbone spine. Instead of scales, it’s slender, tubular-shaped body is covered with prickles.  It averages from 1.5 to 2.5 inches in length, but can reach up to five inches. They are olive-brown on top, light yellow on the sides, and white on the belly. Their heads, bodies, and fins are speckled. Unlike other sculpins, Spoonheads have gill covers which are attached to the breast. 

(endangered)

The largest of New York's freshwater sculpins, Deepwater Sculpinthe deepwater Sculpin can grow to nine inches in length but the average is two to five inches and has a tapered body, a blunt snout, and a flat head. The mouth is large and the eyes set close together on top of the head. Like the spoonhead, the deepwater sculpin has no scales, but has prickles on top. It is generally grey-brown in color with a lighter underside. The back and sides are speckled and there are thin, dark saddle-like marks on the back. 

The deepwater sculpin is found at depths of 240 to 300 feet in the deep, cool waters of lakes. While the cause of the decline is unknown, scientist think that it may be due to the presence of alewives and rainbow smelt which compete with sculpin for food, as well as eat sculpin eggs and larvae. A new threat may be on the horizon with the accidental introduction of another European fish- the round goby.

(threatened)

New York's largest freshwater fish is the Lake Sturgeon.Lake Sturgeon Mature adults average between three to five feet in length and ten to 80 pounds in weight, but can occasionally grow to be as large as seven plus feet, and 300 plus pounds. It has a torpedo-shaped body that is covered with five rows of bony plates. The top and side bony plates are the same color as the dull gray body. There are four barbels on the underside of the sharp, cone-shaped mouth.

Lake sturgeon are some of the longest-lived and slowest to mature freshwater fish species. Females do not reach maturity until 14 to 23 years old and males eight to 19 years old. Adult lake sturgeon display interesting behavior during spawning, sometimes leaping out of the water to fall with a loud splash.
Lake sturgeon are primarily found in freshwater lakes and large rivers, but can also occur in brackish waters. Since 1995, sturgeon populations in five Northern New York waters have been supplemented through the stocking of some hatchery-raised fish.

Their population decline is attributed to: overexploitation due to high demand for caviar and smoked flesh; construction of dams that cut off spawning and nursery areas; and some pollution and degradation of habitat.

(threatened)

The mooneyeMooneye generally reaches 11 to 15 inches in length and one to two pounds in weight. It has a flattened, slab-sided body that is silvery in color.  They have large, prominent, reflective eyes which enable them to see at low light levels, thus the name moon-eye. They have teeth located on both the tongue and the roof of the mouth.

Mooneyes prefer clear water habitat of large streams, rivers, and lakes. Declination is believed to be due to siltation and competition with introduced species are possible factors.

(threatened)

The lake chubsucker, a bottom-roving predator, has a flattened head, a humped back, and enlarged pectoralLake Chubsucker that aid in the quick pursuit of prey. It has large scales and is a member of the sucker family, although there is no lateral line along this fish's side. It  averages eight to ten inches in length. Adults are dark olive-green on top, silvery-gold on the sides and green-yellow on the belly. Young chubsuckers have a prominent dark stripe along each side which becomes a series of vertical bars in the adult fish. 

These fish are found in quiet, clear, well-vegetated waters and are intolerant of turbid and silty conditions.

(threatened)

The secretive small nocturnal mud sunfishMud Sunfishlooks similar to the rock fish but can easily be distinguished by its round, not forked, tail and its brown, not red, eyes. This sunfish has five distinct lines located along it’s reddish brown body on top and it is pale brown on its belly.

The mud sunfish lives in sloughs, lakes, pools, and backwaters of streams where the water is acid and vegetation, mud and detritus occur. It is extremely rare in New York State.

(threatened)

The longear sunfish Longear Sunfishis a small, colorful, thin, deep-bodied fish averaging 4 to 4.5 inches in length.  It has an olive to rusty-brown back, bright orange belly, and blue-green bars on the sides of the head.  This fish is often mistaken for a pumpkinseed, but can be distinguished by looking at the pectoral fins and the gill covers. It  has short, round pectoral fins that do not extend above the lateral line. In addition, it has a long, upward-slanting gill cover flap that has a white, flexible edge.

The longear sunfish dwells along the margins of weed beds and clear water areas of creeks and small to medium rivers. It avoids strong currents and silt. In New York State, professionals  speculate that siltation, water quality deterioration, and hybridization with the pumpkinseed or green sunfish are responsible for its threatened status.

(threatened)

The eastern sand darterEastern Sand Darter is a small fish, averaging 2.5 inches in length, has a long, slender body with no scales on the belly. it is naturally camouflaged due to its dark reddish spots and transparent body.  It buries itself in the sand with only its eyes exposed enabling it to hide, be stabilized in rapid moving water and to ambush its prey.

In  the state of New York, the  major cause in declines of this fish species is loss of clean, sandy substrate due to siltation.


Note: This article first appeared in the September 1993 issue of The Conservationist magazine. Updated June 1999 by Doug Carlson. Original authors- Dean Bouton & Eileen C. Stegemann. Thirteenth in a 14-part series describing the Freshwater Fishes of New York.

 

Saltwater Fish Records
FISH
LBS-OZ
ANGLER
DATE
Albacore (Longfin)

Albacore
74 lbs. 
10.5 oz.
John Maguire
09/23/00
Black Sea Bass

Black Sea Bass
9 lbs.
0 oz.
Sal Vicari
10/10/93
Tautog (Blackfish)

Tautog
19 lbs. 
12 oz.
Jim Burgon
08/22/92
Bluefish

Bluefish
25 lbs. 
0 oz.
Peter Weber, Jr.
10/30/98
Cod

Cod
85 lbs. 
0 oz.
Fred Shay, Jr.
02/25/84

Dolphin

Dolphin

52 lbs. 
0 oz.
Richard Dinka
08/25/85
Flounder (Winter)

Flounder
7-3 lbs. 
.5 oz.
Jack Cohen
06/29/97
Fluke*

Fluke
22 lbs.
7 oz.
Charles Nappi
09/15/75
Marlin (Blue)

Blue Marlin
1,174 lbs.
0 oz.
Bill Sweedler
07/20/86
Marlin (White)

White Marlin

130 lbs.
0 oz.
Mrs. P. Dater
08/13/51
Pollack

Pollack
45 lbs.
15 oz.
Bruce Morabito
08/26/88
Porgy (Scup)

Porgy
6 lbs.
4 oz.
Samuel Warren
10/01/78
Shark (Blue)

Blue Shark
395 lbs.
0 oz.
Charlie Sanders
10/26/96
Shark (Mako)

Mako Shark
1,080 lbs.
0 oz.
James Melanson
08/26/79
Shark (Thresher)

Thresher
614 lbs.
0 oz.
Joe Calandra
10/12/94
Shark (Tiger)

Tiger Shark
1,087 lbs.
0 oz.
Ken Rafferty
07/23/86
Shark (White)

White Shark
3,450 lbs.
0 oz.
Don Braddick
08/06/86
Striped Bass

Striped Bass
76 lbs.
0 oz.
Bob Rocchetta
07/17/81
Swordfish

Swordfish
492 lbs.
4 oz.
Dorothea Casullo
07/04/59
Triggerfish

Triggerfish
5 lbs.
3.2 oz.
Philip Curcio
10/03/99
Tuna (Bigeye)

Bigeye Tuna
355 lbs.
0 oz.
Richard Buechmann
09/27/81
Tuna (Bluefin)

Bluefin Tuna
1,071 lbs.
0 oz.
Larry Thompson
08/21/77
Tuna (Yellowfin)

Yellowfin Tuna
239 lbs.
0 oz.
Bob Clancy
08/14/78
Wahoo

Wahoo
109 lbs.
0 oz.
Anthony Savarese
09/26/03
Weakfish

Weakfish
19 lbs.
2 oz.
Dennis Rooney
10/11/84
White Perch

White Perch
1-5 lbs.
76 oz.
Daniel Young
08/08/00

 

New York
NY Boating Resource

Current State Freshwater Record Fish
Species
Weight
Angler
Lure
Water
Date
American Eel

American Eel
7 lb.
  14 oz.
Larry Manino
Nightcrawler
Cayuga Lake, Seneca Co.
7/25/84
American Shad

American Shad
8 lb.
  14 oz.
Andrew Sheffer
Shad Dart
Hudson River, Columbia Co.
4/30/89
Atlantic Salmon

Atlantic Salmon
24 lb.
  15 oz.
Mike Dandino
Bomber Long A
Lake Ontario, Wayne Co.
4/5/97
Black Bullhead

Black Bullhead Catfish
7 lb.
    7 oz.
Kevin Kelly
Wonder Bread
Mill Pond, Nassau Co.
8/25/93
Black Crappie

Black Crappie
3 lb.
  12 oz.
Kenneth Kierst
Jig
Duck Lake, Cayuga Co.
4/17/98
Bluegill

Bluegill
2 lb.
    8 oz.
Devin VanZandt
Worm
Kohlbach Pond, Broome Co.
8/3/92
Bowfin

Bowfin
12 lb.
   13 oz.
Jeff Harrington
Live Minnow
Basha Kill, Sullivan Co.
6/5/00
Brook Trout


Brook Trout
4 lb.
  15 oz.
Jesse Yousey
Lake Clear Wobler
Five Ponds Wilderness Area, Herkimer Co.
5/25/06
Brown Bullhead

Brown Bullhead Catfish
6 lb.
    9 oz.
Bobby Tripplet
Nightcrawler
Sugarloaf Pond, Saratoga Co.
4/26/98
Brown Trout

Brown Trout
33 lb.
     2 oz.
Tony Brown
Smithwick Rogue
Lake Ontario, Oswego Co.
6/10/97
Burbot

Burbot

16 lb.
   12 oz.
Terrance Colwell
Minnow
Lake Ontario (Black River Bay), Jefferson Co.
2/14/91
Chain Pickerel

Chain Pickerel
8 lb.
    1 oz.
John Bosland
Toronto Reservoir, Sullivan Co.
2/13/65
Channel Catfish

Channel Catfish
32 lb.
   12 oz.
Chris Dixon
Worm
Brant Lake, Warren Co.
6/21/02
Chinook Salmon

Chinook Salmon
47 lb.
   13 oz.
Kurtis Killian
Orange Fly
Salmon River, Oswego Co.
9/7/91
Cisco (Lake Herring)

Lake Herring
5 lb.
    7 oz.
Albert Baratto
Tear Drop & Grub
Lake Lauderdale, Washington Co.
1/25/90
Coho Salmon

Coho Salmon
33 lb.
     7 oz.
Stephen Sheets Jr.
Cut Bait
Lake Ontario, Oswego Co.
8/13/98
Common Carp

Carp
50 lb.
     4 oz.
Charles Primeau Sr.
Nightcrawler
Tomhannock Reservoir, Rensselaer Co.
5/12/95
Fallfish

Fallfish
 3 lb.
    7 oz.
Jeffrey Weibly
Jig & Curlytail
Tioughnioga River, Cortland Co.
2/29/04
Freshwater Drum

Freshwater Drum
24 lb.
      8 oz.
Gregory Netto
Jerk Bait
Lake Ontario (Chaumont Bay), Jefferson Co.
6/8/05
Hybrid Striped Bass

Hybrid Striped Bass
15 lb.
     5 oz.
Bryan Colley
Sawbelly
Lake Waccabuc, Westchester Co.
7/30/04
Kokanee Salmon

Kokanee Salmon
3 lb.
    6 oz.
Kenneth Shear
Wobbler & Worm
Boy Scouts Clear Pond, Franklin Co.
6/14/02
Lake Trout

Lake Trout
41 lb.
     8 oz.
Jesse Wykstra
NK Spoon
Lake Erie, Chautauqua Co.
8/9/03
Lake Whitefish

Lake Whitefish
10 lb.
     8 oz.
Randolph Smith
Worm & Spinner
Lake Pleasant, Hamilton Co.
8/29/95
Largemouth Bass

Largemouth Bass
11 lb.
     4 oz.
John Higbie
Spinnerbait
Buckhorn Lake, Otsego Co.
9/11/87
Longnose Gar

Longnose Gar
13 lb.
     3 oz.
Kenneth Cassant
Sucker
Lake Champlain, Washington Co.
7/25/99
Muskellunge

Muskellunge
69 lb.
   15 oz.
Arthur Lawton
St. Lawrence River, Jefferson Co.
9/22/57
Northern Pike

Northern Pike
46 lb.
     2 oz.
Peter Dubuc
Heddon Flaptail
Great Sacandaga Lake, Fulton Co.
9/15/40
Pink Salmon

Pink Salmon
4 lb.
  15 oz.
Randy Nyberg
Johnson Sprite
Lake Erie, Erie Co.
9/16/85
Pumpkinseed

Pumpkinseed
1 lb.
   9 oz.
R. Kennard Mosher
Nightcrawler
Indian Lake, Hamilton Co.
7/19/94
Rainbow Trout

Rainbow Trout
31 lb.
     3 oz.
Robert Wilson
Joe's Pirate Crystalina
Lake Ontario, Niagara Co.
8/14/04
Redfin Pickerel

Redfin Pickerel
2 lb.
     1 oz.
Duane Gillespie
Do Jigger
Lake Champlain, Essex Co.
3/5/89
Rock Bass

Rock Bass
1 lb.
  15 oz.
Eric Avogardo
Live shiner
Ramapo River, Rockland Co.
5/26/84
Sauger

Sauger
4 lb.
    8 oz.
Darrin Schwenkbeck
Gitzit
Lower Niagara River, Niagara Co.
9/30/90
Shorthead Redhorse

Shorthead Redhorse
11 lb.
   11 oz.
Joe Williams
Nightcrawler
Salmon River, Oswego Co.
5/26/96
Smallmouth Bass

Smallmouth Bass
8 lb.
    4 oz.
Andrew Kartesz
Jig & Grub Tail
Lake Erie, Chautauqua Co.
6/4/95
Splake

Splake
13 lb.
     8 oz.
Jonathan Simon
Rapala
Limekiln Lake, Herkimer Co.
6/27/04
Striped Bass

Stripped Bass
55 lb.
     0 oz.
Dan Mangold
Cut Herring
Hudson River, Ulster Co.
5/9/03
Tiger Muskellunge

Tiger Muskellunge
35 lb.
     8 oz.
Brett Gofgosky
Sucker
Tioughnioga River, Broome Co.
5/25/90
Walleye

Walleye
16 lb.
     7 oz.
John Fluder
Mr. Twister Jig
Kinzua Reservoir, Cattaraugus Co.
5/22/94
White Bass

White Bass
 3 lb.
     6 oz.
Robert Hilton
Rapala
Furnace Brook, Westchester Co.
5/2/92
White Catfish

White Catfish
10 lb.
     5 oz.
Joe Silicato
Jig & Cut Bait
New Croton Reservoir, Westchester Co.
5/17/98
White Crappie

White Crappie
 3 lb.
   13 oz.
James Weinberg
Jig
Sleepy Hollow Lake, Greene Co.
6/9/01
White Perch

White Perch
3 lb.
    1 oz.
Joseph Tansey
Alewife
Lake Oscaletta, Westchester Co.
9/21/91
White Sucker

White Sucker Fish
5 lb.
    3 oz.
Eric Kindron
Nightcrawler
Hudson River, Warren Co.
5/13/94
Yellow Perch

Yellow Perch
3 lb.
    8 oz.
George Boice
Minnow
Lake Erie, Erie Co.
4/28/82


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